Asia-Europe Workshop / Portugal 2008

2008-03-29T23:59:00.004Z

From naval gigantism of Chinese Ming dynasty
to universal physics in a seaway - Structural analysis of ancient wooden boats in Asia and Europe

Asia-Europe Workshop
Portugal 2008
April 8-12th

Subject: Traditional naval shipbuilding in wood in Asia and Europe: structural differences
in shipbuilding approaches and their consequences in the interpretation of the historical, archaeological and ethnographical data

Original sponsorship: Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) and European Alliance for Asian Studies

Institutions involved in the organisation
DANS (nautical and underwater archaeology branch) of IGESPAR (Portuguese Heritage) /
Ministry of Culture, Lisbon

Wuhan University-Transportation School (naval engineering department), Wuhan, P. Rep. of China

Câmara Municipal de Peniche (Peniche Municipality)

Câmara Municipal de Beja (Beja Municipality)

Fundação Oriente, Lisbon

Instituto Superior Técnico-Secção Autónoma de Engenharia Naval (naval engineering
department), Lisbon

EGEAC / Lisbon Municipality

Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico (ESTIG), Beja

U6pia, Montfort-le-Gesnois (France)

INATEL, Leiria, Beja

Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa/Centro de Estudos do Mar

Researchers from nine countries (ASEM)[1] have been invited to participate to the Workshop along the norms defined by ASEF and the European Alliance for Asian Studies

[1] ASEM countries: Austria, Belgium, Brunei, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estónia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Laos, Látvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malaysia, Malta, Netherlands, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, United-Kingdom, Vietnam.

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www.asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008.blogspot.com

2008-03-16T23:58:00.001Z

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News

16/03/2008

In Memoriam ... Li Bangyan
In the meantime, news reached us that naval engineer Li Bangyan one of the listed participants, would not be part of debate any more.

The son of a ship outfitter from the upper Yangtze River, Li Bangyan was a naval engineer trained at Jiatong University in Chongqing in the 1940’s. Part of his studies were made between raids from Japanese bombers trying to devastate Chongqing, then capital of China at war, a time when the future naval engineer met his future wife, then a schoolmate.

Soon affter WW II, young Li Bangyan embarked on British merchant ships. After several years of sailing around the world, in 1953, Li Bangyan was asked by his father to come back to China where he graduated in 1956. Unlike many of his schoolmates who were sent to modern shipyards, the young engineer and a sizable group of his colleagues were directed towards local traditional shipyards to record the old-fashioned but still active wooden sailing ships.

From this effort aiming at modernizing local commercial fleets, Li Bangyan inherited a life-long interest for traditional Chinese wooden sailing boats. His training as a naval engineer led him to draw detailed plans of the many boats he had thoroughly examined and recorded years in a row. The purpose, this time, was to have ship models built for marine museums in China.

Not an historian neither an archaeologist by training, engineer’s Li Bangyan produced boat records unsurpassable in detail and quality. As a true naval engineer, he commented in 2005 «What I know goes into my drawings and my plans, not in texts» (drawing above: late motorized sailing boat. Credit Li Bangyan, personal comunication, Pudong, 10/VIII/2005). His enthusiasm as an amateur of Chinese maritime history was always balanced with his deep knowledge of Chinese traditional shipbuilding features still observable in the late 1950’s.

This Chinese nautical universe is now gone, and so is engineer Li whose memory will be remembered at the coming Asia Europe Workshop.

We lost an exceptional observer, a daring outspoken technical analyst of the Chinese naval past, a mostly unpublished author and above all a longtime generous friend.

Jean-Yves Blot, Asia-Europe Workshop Coordinator

____________________

2008-03-16T23:57:00.001Z

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In Memoriam

16/03/2008

In Memoriam ... Li Bangyan
News reached us that naval engineer Li Bangyan one of the listed participants, would not be part of debate any more.

The son of a ship outfitter from the upper Yangtze River, Li Bangyan was a naval engineer trained at Jiatong University in Chongqing in the 1940’s. Part of his studies were made between raids from Japanese bombers trying to devastate Chongqing, then capital of China at war, a time when the future naval engineer met his future wife, then a schoolmate.

Soon affter WW II, young Li Bangyan embarked on British merchant ships. After several years of sailing around the world, in 1953, Li Bangyan was asked by his father to come back to China where he graduated in 1956. Unlike many of his schoolmates who were sent to modern shipyards, the young engineer and a sizable group of his colleagues were directed towards local traditional shipyards to record the old-fashioned but still active wooden sailing ships.

From this effort aiming at modernizing local commercial fleets, Li Bangyan inherited a life-long interest for traditional Chinese wooden sailing boats. His training as a naval engineer led him to draw detailed plans of the many boats he had thoroughly examined and recorded years in a row. The purpose, this time, was to have ship models built for marine museums in China.

Not an historian neither an archaeologist by training, engineer’s Li Bangyan produced boat records unsurpassable in detail and quality. As a true naval engineer, he commented in 2005 «What I know goes into my drawings and my plans, not in texts» (drawing above: late motorized sailing boat. Credit Li Bangyan, personal comunication, Pudong, 10/VIII/2005). His enthusiasm as an amateur of Chinese maritime history was always balanced with his deep knowledge of Chinese traditional shipbuilding features still observable in the late 1950’s.

This Chinese nautical universe is now gone, and so is engineer Li whose memory will be remembered at the coming Asia Europe Workshop.

We lost an exceptional observer, a daring outspoken technical analyst of the Chinese naval past, a mostly unpublished author and above all a longtime generous friend.

Jean-Yves Blot, Asia-Europe Workshop Coordinator

____________________

2008-02-16T23:55:00.000Z

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Introductory Debate

Structural analysis of wooden ships: another way to look at old things

A recent congress held in Nanjing (July 2005) for the 600th anniversary of Ming dynasty sailor and admiral Zheng He helped to tune an old [1] and obviously trans-cultural debate regarding the maximum «possible» size of wooden ships from the past [2].

Ming dynasty annals mention early XVth century Chinese ships of very large size (Bao Chuan , or Treasure Ships from Zheng He’s imperial expeditions- 1405/1433) which act as heuristic «sparks» for the coming debate.

Beyond the underlying discussion on ancient Chinese metrology [3]and related documentary aspects [4], the Nanjing debate of July 2005 helped to bring into focus major structural aspects and differences regarding ancient shipbuilding traditions in wood in past Asia [5] and Europe.

Well apart from the hydrostatics of ancient hulls [6], the fully interdisciplinary approach necessary to a structural analysis of ancient wooden vessels received until now very little exposure among historians and archaeologists due to academic specificities of the related disciplines and to the traditional shyness of humanities when confronted with «exact sciences».

However, several pioneer investigations by nautical engineers [7] and naval archaeologists [8] have already started to bridge the gap. Those pioneering works were undertaken in Europe and Asia. The present Asia-Europe Workshop initiated through the support of ASEF and the European Alliance for Asian Studies proposes, for the first time ever, to gather scattered issues and melt them into a true multi-cultural, transdisciplinary discussion platform.

The core of one major question to be discussed in Portugal next April may be put into simple terms:

-What may have been the maximum size of a true wooden ship of the past (built without metallic structural components or reinforcements)?

Present-day research indicates that answers to such a question differ significantly among the Asian and Western cultural and material contexts from the past [9].

The underlying concepts derived from such questions extend to the whole sphere of ancient shipbuilding in wood, all ships and sizes considered and help to delineate the solutions found by past shipbuilders in different cultural grounds to deliver structural solutions for the physical efforts to which ships are submitted in a seaway. Classical naval engineering concepts like «hogging» and «sagging» implemented since the XIXth century appear as «ready-made» tools for an initial approach.

Side by side with data compiled from social sciences by archaeologists and naval ethnographers [10] facing fast-disappearing material cultures both in Asia and Europe, present-day computing tools (finite element analysis applied to complex structures, to name one) invite to explore the matter further on and define the broad lines -and the limitations- of an analytical model defining the order of magnitude of structural parameters within distinct cultures of the nautical past.

Special attention is given to the application of concepts related with structural analysis like bending moment and shearing stresses directly applicable to some historical archaeological contexts and their insertion within an interdisciplinary description and analysis of the structural components of wooden vessels of the past.

The interdisciplinary approach underlying this project of Workshop is not limited to scholars and naval engineers. The nature of the debate encourages comments from contemporary shipbuilders in wood and their personal approaches to the discussion of wooden ships structural resistance and observed «anomalies». The debate is extended to sailors from similarly contrasted cultural horizons (Asia/Europe) with personal experience regarding the structural behaviour of large wooden sailing boats in a seaway.

Beyond the debate related with the inferable physical dimension of Ming Dynasty maritime enterprises, several cases in Asia and Europe are considered as field-tests for the structural concepts underlying the discussion proposed at the Workshop:

-Transversal and longitudinal framing observed on Chinese late medieval vessels excavated at Penglai (Shandong province, China)[11] and Shinan (Korea)[12]

-Finite elements analysis undertaken by naval engineers [13][14],regarding the structural analysis of late medieval Shinan vessel and medieval Scandinavian sailing boats.

-Structural components of XIXth and XXth century Asian wooden vessels as depicted in modern naval «ethnographical» sources (China: Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. Korea)

- «Anomalous» butt joins observed on the segments of the keel of a Renaissance vessel uncovered within a silted fluvial embankment at Cais do Sodré, Lisbon, Portugal [15].

- «Anomalous» relationship between keel and keelson sections on the remains of Compostellana II, an early XXth century Spanish wooden sailing vessel built in Galicia, N.W. Spain, and sunk in Peniche harbour (Portugal) in 1946.

The analytical concepts discussed within the normative framework of the proposed Workshop are to be applied to a few other wooden ship structures investigated and managed in Portugal, Europe and Asia.

As referred above, late medieval Chinese metrology or present-day nomenclature of wooden components from the last wooden sailing ships surviving in China are among the subjects to be presented and debated next April (2008) in Portugal.

The coming discussion goes beyond cultural geographical spheres and leads to probe into nautical border zones: the specific interest of the Philippines islands as a former transcultural nautical universe and the wide range of the nautical solutions implemented in the past throughout this archipelago since prehistory illustrate the broad chronological range of the discussion at stake. The structural solutions implemented in medieval ships in Butuan (Mindanao island) find a direct echo in parallel shipbuilding solutions in early medieval Scandinavia while other archaeological remains from the same archipelago directly illustrate the broad spectrum of ancient craftsmanship emanating from widely diversified cultural, nautical and geographical universes.

The coming debate in Portugal, next April, regarding structural solutions implemented by former shipbuilders in Asia and Europe thus aims at bridging the «mechanical» core of radically different shipbuilding solutions implemented in Asia and Europe in the past.

Norms adopted for this Workshop regarding ASEM members forbade including some major protagonists whose names will later be necessary to a discussion which is «global» by nature although rarely accessible as such in the scientific literature, with very few exceptions [16].

Present-day archaeological research in South-East Asia does bring questions regarding possible past interactions between very remote nautical universes.

Specific woodworking techniques like locked mortise-and-tenon wooden assemblage routinely attested in ancient Europe find disrupting echoes in early first century B.C. Vietnam [17] while the role of such plank assemblage in counteracting equally specific forces applied to wooden hulls starts to find its way in the structural analysis by ships engineers [18].

While direct or indirect links between early Han dynasty China and the Roman hemisphere still remain an hazy research ground to most of us, self-taught sinologist John Hill, from distant Queensland, in Australia, reminds us, in a generous publication made available on the Internet, that IIId c. A.D. China had routine access to written geographical sources which provided details on the Mediterranean and Roman cultural hemisphere.

The gradient of the maritime interface between the Indian Ocean and the Far East throughout Medieval times attested by historical and archaeological sources [19] brings into focus ethnographic evidence [20]which does reflect the shipbuilding, and therefore structural, options of shipbuilders of the past.

Our main obstacle in such heuristic constellations is clearly the broad scatter pattern of languages, disciplines, material evidence and related literature that our research target forces us to cope with.

The coming Asia-Europe Workshop will hopefully bring a contribution to such research challenges.

Jean-Yves Blot, Asia-Europe Workshop Coordinator

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[1] Chen Xiyu, 1991. Li Bangyan, 1991. Sleeswyk, 1998. Xi Long Fei , Chalmers, 2004. Cf. References at the end of this document
[2] Gong Changqi , 2005.
[3] Church, 2005. Idem
[4] Xi Long Fei, 2005. Idem
[5] Nomoto, 1991. Idem
[6] Blot et alii, 1995, Blot 1998. Castro, 2003
[7] Xi Long Fei, 1979, 1989. Lee Chang-Euk, 1991. Jensen, 1999. Fenger et alii, 2003. Choi, 2005. Idem
[8] Hansen, 1985. Kim, 1986. Idem
[9] Blot, 2006. Idem
[10] Rieth, 1993, 2000; Varadarajan, 1998 ; Kumar et alii, 2000. Idem
[11] Xi Long Fei et alii, 1979, 1989, 1991. Wang Min et alii, 2006. Dun He et alii, 2006. Cf. References
[12] Kim, 1986; Choi, 2005. Idem
[13] Choi, 2005. Idem
[14] Jensen, 1999. The methodology extends to museology. Cf. Czujko et alii, 2002. Idem
[15] Rodrigues et alii, 2001. Idem
[16] McGrail, 2001. Idem
[17] Bellwood et alii, 2006. Idem
[18] Boon, 2006, 2007. Idem
[19] Hill, 2004. Idem
[20] Manguin, 2000. Idem

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PROGRAM

Paper titles (30’ presentation / 20’ discussion for each paper)
and general schedule:

Tuesday April 8th, Beja. Opening session

9:00 - Opening session under the auspices of Beja Municipality with the participation of representants from IGESPAR (Portuguese Heritage/Ministry of Culture).

Opening speeches by Professor Carlos Guedes Soares, head of the Department of Naval Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Lisbon and Professor Wu Weiguo, dean of the Wuhan University School of Transportation, Popular Republic of China

Morning session papers

10:00 - Francisco Alves (Portugal)[1] and Eric Rieth (France)[2]: Keel assembling and hull caulking system-patterns of Portuguese ancient wooden shipbuilding based on archaeological evidence.

11:00 - Coffee Break

11:15 - Ana Vong (Macao Autonomous Province, PR China)[3]: The way Chinese shipbuilders used to build their boats and how they made them strong.

Afternoon session papers

14:30 - Hang Choi (S. Korea)[4]: The hull form, construction method and structural strength of ancient Korean Ships.

15:30 - Eric Rieth (France): Geometry of hull shapes and architectural structure: a different approach to the study of the origins of the «frame-first» shipbuilding in the Mediterranean (Géométrie des formes de carène et structure architecturale: une autre approche de l'étude des origines de la construction "sur membrure première" en Méditerranée).

16:30 - Coffee Break

16:45 - Vasco Mantas (Portugal)[5]: Roman Shipbuilding. Models and Influences (Construção naval Romana. Modelos e Influências).

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Wednesday April 9th, Beja

Morning session papers:

9:00 - Randy Sasaki (Japan)[6]: Considering the Philosophy of shipbuilding in Medieval East Asia : Case Study from the lost Fleet of the Kublai Khan.

10:00 - Lotika Varadarajan (India): Sewn Boats of Lakshwadeep/Laccadives Islands (title to be confirmed)

11:00 - Coffee Break

11:15 - Bart Boon (Netherlands)[7]: What limits the size of wooden ships?

Lunch (regional cattering) in Beja and departure (bus travel to the coast line) towards the Sado river estuary. Organization: Beja Municipality.

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Thursday April 10th, Arrábida Monastery

Morning session papers:

9:30 - Xi Long Fei (P.R. China)[8]: Archaeology of Chinese Ancient Ship and Structure Mechanics Analysis (I).

10:30 - Cai Wei (P.R. China)[9]: Archaeology of Ancient Chinese Ship and Structure Mechanics Analysis (II).

11:30 - Coffee Break

11:45 - Rex Warner (United Kingdom): 15th-Century Chinese shipbuilding and navigation to the Indian Ocean : A Sailor’s Perspective.

Afternoon session papers:

14:30 - Sally Church (United Kingdom)[10]: Two 16th-century Shipbuilding Manuals and the Light they Shed on the Structure and Materials of Ming Dynasty Chinese Ships.

15:30 - Kioko Koiso (Japan)[11]: Ships under pain: the structural behaviour of ships from the Portuguese Carreira da India as testified in shipwreck narratives.

16:30 - Coffee Break

16:45 - Catarina Garcia (Portugal)[12]: To build and «unbuild» Angra C and Angra D.

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Friday April 11th, Arrábida.

9:00 - Morning: transport to Sarilhos Pequenos traditional shipyards (Tagus river lower course), one of the very last traditional shipyards still building wooden boats. Visit organized by engineer Celso Santos, promoter of the regional naval heritage[13].Logistics: Peniche Municipality.

Lunch and afternoon in Peniche. Reception by Peniche Municipality.

14:30 - Visits (organization: Peniche Municipality - Câmara Municipal de Peniche):

-Tour of Peniche peninsula surrounded by the Atlantic ocean. The tour includes a visit to Peniche fishing harbour where lies a large fragment of a wooden keelson from an earlier XXth century three-mast Spanish merchant vessel. The giant broken artefact illustrates one of the many structural solutions of former shipbuilders in search of longitudinal stiffness (picture to the right: Peniche Peninsula sighted from West. Credit : Câmara Municipal de Peniche).
-Peniche Municipal Museum: Wooden original half-models from Peniche shipyards of the 1rst half of XXth century

-Comments from a Peniche traditional shipbuilder regarding former shipbuilding activities with wood

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Saturday April 12th, Peniche

Morning session papers:

9:00 - Alessia Amato (Italia)[14]: Shipbuilding in wood in ancient Mediterranean. Archaeological analisis of the evolution of the main structural elements, comparative analysis of assemblage typologies from the Archaic to late-classical period (Construção naval lignea no Mediterraneo. Análise arqueológica dos principais elementos estruturais, confronto das tipologias de assemblagem, entre a época arcaica e a tardo-antiga).

10:00 - Eusebio Dizon (Philippines)[15]: A Presentation of Ancient Shipwrecks observed by underwater Archaeological works in the Philippines.

11:00 - Coffee Break

11:15 - Tiago Fraga (Portugal)[16]: Cargo and Warriors: Late Seventeenth Century Iberian Construction: Santo António de Tanna.

Afternoon session papers:

14:30 - Fang Lan (P.R. China)[17] and Li Bang Yan (P.R. China): The last wooden sailing fishing boats of lake Tai, China (2d half of XXth century).

15:30 - Vanessa Loureiro (Portugal)[18]: Structural elements from Arade 1 (second half XVth century / 1rst half XVIth century ship remains).

16:30 - Coffee Break

16:45 - Yong-han Kim (Korea)[19]: Medieval ship remains investigated in Korea (provisional title)

17:45 - Jean-Yves Blot (France)[20]: Two case studies of structural analysis applied to 18th and 20th century Spanish shipwreck remains found in Peniche waters.

18:45 - Closing session under the auspices of the Municipality of Peniche.

For participants
Sunday April 13th, Peniche: transport from Peniche to Lisbon, including Lisbon International Airport.

Participants who are not able to attend the full five-day Workshop programme must inform the Coordinator as soon as possible in order that the necessary adjustments may be made and their special needs catered for.

Participants are reminded that a 1-3 page abstract (no restriction on the maximum length) must be sent to the Coordinator by 15th February 2008. This will be included in the Pre-proceedings to be distributed during the Workshop itself.

Workshop participants are invited to indicate in advance the required hardware support for their presentation (video- PowerPoint- projector / transparencies projector / 35 mm slides projector).

All documents (text and image files) by Workshop participants for the Pre-Proceedings are to be addressed in doc (text) and jgp (images) formats to:

Jean-Yves Blot, Workshop Coordinator
c/o DANS/IGESPAR - Avenida da Índia, 136 - 1300-300 LISBON, PORTUGAL.
E-mail adress: jyb.cnans@ipa.min-cultura.pt

______________________

[1] DANS/IGESPAR director, professor at Universidade Nova, Lisbon.
[2] CNRS, professor at Paris I University.
[3] Maritime Museum, Macau.
[4] Professor, Seoul National University.
[5] Professor, Coimbra University.
[6] Post graduate, Texas A&M University.
[7] Naval Architect, Research and Consultancy. Teaches ship structure at the University of Duisburg/Essen, Germany
[8] Wuhan University, retired.
[9] Wuhan University.
[10] Cambridge University.
[11] Post graduate. Lisbon University (Faculdade de Letras ).
[12] Archaeological department, Azores islands provincial government.
[13] LAITAU (Associação para a Preservação e Dinamização do Património Naval do Rio Sado), a non-profit association. Its founder and president, Celso Santos, a forest engineer, has been the promoter of many projects including the reconstruction of traditional boats (galeão do sal Zé Mario), the building of full-size replicas (Hiate de Setubal), salvaging traditional boats sunk in the Sado River (galeão do sal Amendoeira) or promoting studies aiming at the restoration or building of other historical boats replicas.
[14] Postgraduate, Coimbra University
[15] National Museum of the Philippines, Manila
[16] Postgraduate, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa.
[17] Post graduate, Suzhou University
[18] Post graduate, Paris I University, France.
[19] Director, National Maritime Museum, Mokpo, Korea
[20] Post graduate, Paris I University, France.

2008-02-16T23:45:00.003Z

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Inscriptions

Download the registration form for Beja and Peniche (PDF), and for Arrábida (PDF) and send it to:

Centro Cultural de Beja

Asia Europe Workshop

Praça da República, 45/46

7800-427 Beja

Portugal

or send an email to:

centroculturaldebeja@sapo.pt

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2008-02-16T23:40:00.000Z

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The Workshop in Portugal

Besides the main thematic focus of the Workshop in preparation, the organization of the coming transcultural and interdisciplinary meeting in Portugal aims at introducing all foreign participants to some specific cultural aspects of the hosting country.

This comes as part of the effort to comply with the transcultural vocation of the Asia-Europe Workshops Series as defined by the International Institute of Asian Studies (IIAS, Leiden) which provides the main support for the event through the Asia Europe Foundation and the European Alliance for Asian Studies.

Thus, those taking part in the Workshop in Portugal in April will be sucessively hosted by:

- the Municipality of Beja, in the southern province of Alentejo

- the Fundação Oriente (Oriente Foundation, Lisbon), in the Arrabida Monastery, a Portuguese cultural icon facing the mouth of the Sado river, south of Lisbon

- the Municipality of Peniche, a community known for its fishing and maritime activities along the Atlantic coast, north of Lisbon.

The five-days total duration of this Asia-Europe Workshop takes into consideration the fact that a significant part of the participants will fly directly from Eastern Asia to reach Portugal on transcontinental flights.

Being by nature an international, transcultural and interdisciplinary meeting, the Workshop in preparation, spread as it is along three radically different areas of Portugal, will not only offer an occasion for in-depth discussions of the major thematic lines at stake but is also intended to serve as a convenient platform of introduction of foreign participants to the Portuguese historical and physical landscape where the influence of the sea is to be found deep into the hinterland[1].

Surrounded by the ocean, the narrow Portuguese territory has served for several millenia as a bridge between distinct nautical universes, linking NorthWest Europe to the Mediterranean and Northern African territories since the late prehistory. The later nautical Portuguese ventures to Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean five centuries ago led to direct links with the whole Asian nautical hemisphere which now find their way within the naval archaeology debate[2].

The program thus conceived actually deals with four days of sessions spread along a total of five days, starting on Tuesday April 8th, 2008 in Beja, to end up in the morning of April 13th in Peniche from where participants are transported back to Lisbon and international flight connections.

The criteria thus adopted for the organisation of this Asia-Europe Workshop included a minimum number of 8 (eight) A.S.E.M. member countries, male/female parity and balance between senior experts and junior researchers.

The main language to be used throughout the workshop will be English, with some communications in Portuguese and Chinese. The presence of an interpreter is being considered (Portuguese/English). One communication in Chinese (Pr Xi Long Fei, Wuhan University) will be translated to English by one of the participants.

The Workshop will be held in Beja (Alentejo province, southern Portugal, Arrábida Monastery (Sado River estuary) and Peniche (a fishing town north of Lisbon)

All sessions will be opened to a public audience (maximum: 60 persons) through previous registration:

Pre-registration to all sessions and further details may be required at:

asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008@gmail.com

Sessions at Arrábida Monastery on April 10th: fee (25 Euros) directly payable to Fundação Oriente (contact: dinternacional@foriente.pt).

Visits at Sarilhos Pequenos and Peniche on April 11th: the public previously registered to the Workshop is invited to provide its own transportation.

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[1] Blot, Maria Luísa Pinheiro (2003). Cf. References at the end of this document
[2] McGrail , Sean (2001). Jordan, Brian (2001). Idem

2008-02-16T23:35:00.000Z

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Beja

Beja, an historical town in the southern province of Alentejo. Situated in a plain circumscribed by ancient land, fluvial and maritime routes, the town of Beja lies almost halfway between Lisbon and Sevilla, two major historical harbours of the SW Iberian peninsula on two major rivers, Tagus and Guadalquivir.

Close to Beja, a smaller river, Guadiana, traces an historical southern border between Portugal and Spain and shelters a very ancient fluvial harbour, Mértola, active in Antiquity and during medieval times. Residual wooden sailing boats could still be seen in Mertola in mid-20th century (picture: reproduced and adapted from Leonel Borrela, Mértola I-Pequenas Histórias. Diário do Alentejo (Beja), June 9th, 2006).

Aerial View.

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2008-02-16T23:30:00.000Z

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Arrábida

Wednesday April 9th, afternoon: departure from Beja to Arrábida, along Troia peninsula and across Sado river by ferry-boat. Organization: Beja Municipality

A mountain facing the sea: founded in the XVth century, the monastery of Arrábida stands on the southern slope of the small mountainous chain of Arrabida. Sheltered among the trees facing the Atlantic ocean and dominating the mouth of Sado river, the Monastery, recently restored by Fundação Oriente, hosts cultural and scientific events in a peaceful and majestic environment close to the town and harbour of Setubal.

From a nautical and historical point of view, the lower reaches of Sado river are marked by the presence of Phoenician sailors who settled up river, at Abul and Alcácer do Sal, during the second Iron Age, bringing goods as well as techniques from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. The most striking aspects regarding the archaeology of those maritime pioneers in the West are the recent finds at Cartagena, Spain, of the remains of two boat displaying sewn planking, a technique which disappeared long ago in the Iberian peninsula but which survived in several places in Asia until modern times) (Kumar , Varadarajan, 2000).

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www.asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008.blogspot.com

2008-02-16T23:25:00.001Z

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Sarilhos Pequenos

Friday April 11th, transportation to Sarilhos Pequenos traditional shipyards

Sarilhos Pequenos traditional shipyards:
Latitude N 38º 40’ 56.80’
Longitude W 008º 58’ 42.11’

One of the very last traditional shipyards still building wooden boats. Visit organized by engineer Celso Santos (Rotas do Sal), promoter of the regional naval heritage (PDF1 & PDF2).

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www.asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008.blogspot.com

2008-02-16T23:20:00.000Z

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Peniche

Tour of Peniche peninsula surrounded by the Atlantic ocean. The tour includes a visit to Peniche fishing harbour where lies a large fragment of a wooden keelson from an early XXth century three-mast Spanish merchant vessel. The giant broken artefact illustrates one of the many structural solutions of former shipbuilders in search of longitudinal stiffness (Photo: Peniche peninsula sighted from West. Credit : Câmara Municipal de Peniche).

Naval carpenters sawing a long and massive timber into thin planks. Peniche, 1970’s. (Credit: Peniche Municipal Museum).

1 : Site of traditional shipyard (wooden fishing boats) (desactivated early 2000’s).

2: Site of traditional shipyard (wooden fishing boats) (desactivated late 1990’s).

3: Modern shipyards (mainly steel boats).

4: Museum (XVIIth century fortress; mid-XXth century political prison) (Lat. 39º 21’ 12,13” N. / 009º 22’ 52.39 W.)

5: Giant keelson fragment from three-mast merchant vessel Compostellano II built in 1918, wrecked in 1946

6: Cape Carvoeiro: high rocky cliff. Berlenga island lies 6 miles offshore, clearly visible to the WNW.

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2008-02-16T23:15:00.003Z

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References / Bibliography

References quoted in the text above:

-Xu Yingfan (1985): Origin and Technique of “Gua-ju” (Iron Cramp) Connections in Wooden Craft Construction. Special of Ship Engineering Marine History Research Transactions of CSNAME-Marine History Research Group Nº1, Shanghai (quoted in Green, Jeremy, 2002).

-Xi Longfei, Dun He (1989): Study on restoration of Nº 2 Penglai ancient ship. Penglai ancient ship and Dengzhou ancient port, Dalian (en chinois). Dalian Marine University Press

-Xi Longfei, He Guowei (1979): Research on the Quanzhou Bay Unearthed Song Ship and Her restored Dimensions, Shipbuilding in China, nº2 (in chinese).

-Xi Longfei (2005): The Documents and Relics of Zheng He’s Treasure Ships (in chinese), Proceedings of International Academic Forum in Memory of the 600th Anniversary of Zheng He’s Expedition, Nanjing, China: 476-483.

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-Bellwood, Peter; Cameron, Judith; Nguyen Van Viet; Bui Van Liem (2006): Ancient Boats, Boat Timbers, and Locked Mortise-and-Tenon Joints from Bronze/Iron Age Northern Vietnam. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.

-Bellwood, Peter, Dizon, Eusebio (2005): The Batanes Archaeological Project and the “Out of Taiwan” Hypothesis for Austronesian Dispersal. Journal of Austronesian Studies (Taitung, Taiwan) 1: 1-32 (View full text as pdf at http://arts.anu.edu.au/aanda/people/staff/pdfs/bellwood2005.pdf ).

-Bellwood, P., Stevenson, J. Anderson, A and E. Dizon (2003): Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental research in Batanes and Ilocos Norte provinces, northern Philippines. Bulletin Indo-Pacific Association, 23: 141-161.
-Bellwood, Peter (1997): Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago (2nd edition). Honolulu. University of Hawai Press.

-Barros, Amândio Jorge Morais (2005): “Saber fazer”: a circulação de informação entre comunidades marítimas no início dos Tempos Modernos. Revista da Faculdade de Letras HISTÓRIA, Porto, III Série, vol.6: 21-48.
(text available at http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/3375.pdf)

-Barker, Richard (2005): “Re: Dimensions of Cheng Ho’s largest ships”, Mariner’s Mirror, 91: 605-606

-Audemard, Louis (1994): Juncos Chineses. Museu Marítimo de Macau. Banco Totta e Açores. 562 pages (transl. R- adm. Manuel Leal Vilarinho: translation in Portuguese from the original series of monographs in French entitled Les Jonques Chinoises. Museum voor Land en Volkenkunde en het Maritiem Museum “Prins Hendrik”, Rotterdam. 1957).

-Alves, Francisco; Rieth, Eric; Rodrigues, Paulo; Aleluia, Miguel; Rodrigo, Ricardo; Garcia, Catarina; Riccardi, Edoardo (2001): The hull remains of Ria de Aveiro A, a mid-15th century shipwreck from Portugal; a preliminary analysis. In F. Alves, ed. Proceedings International Symposium on Archaeology of Medieval and Modern Ships of Iberian-Atlantic Tradition. Hull remains, manuscripts and ethnographic sources: a comparative approach. Trabalhos de Arqueologia, 18. Instituto Português de Arqueologia: 317-345. (Full text available in pdf on the Internet).

-Alves, F., Castro, F., Rodrigues, P, Garcia, C., Aleluia, M. (1998): Arqueologia de um naufrágio. In Nossa Senhora dos Mártires. A última viagem. S. Luz Afonso and R.D. Intimo (ed.), Expo 98: 182-215.

-Abinion, O.V. (1989): The recovery of the 12th Century Wooden Boats in the Philippines. The Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 13.2: 1-2 (quoted in Green, Jeremy, 2002).

-Abell, Sir Westcott (1948): The Shipwright’s Trade. Cambridge. At the University Press, 218p.

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Home <-

STAFF

Text and legends: Jean-Yves Blot

Editorial advisers: Marja Ménanteau, Nantes; Tiago Fraga, Faro; Francisco Alves, DANS-IGESPAR

Sketch map: Maria Luisa Pinheiro Blot, DANS-IGESPAR

Documentary support: Celso Santos, Rui Venâncio (Peniche Municipal Museum), Maria João Sousa (EGEAC, Lisbon)

Graphical outline: Departamento de Inventário, Estudos e Divulgação, IGESPAR, Ministry of Culture, Lisbon

Registration form management & Web Design: (http://www.asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008.blogspot.com/) Pedro Caleja

Aerial images: Google Earth and Câmara Municipal de Peniche

All paper titles are the sole responsibility of their authors.

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2008-02-16T22:59:00.004Z

Início

Resumo da Problemática

Programa (PDF)

O Workshop em Portugal / Beja / Arrábida / Sarilhos Pequenos / Peniche

Referências Bibliográficas

Inscrições

Equipa

Do gigantismo naval da dinastia Ming até à física universal dos barcos a navegar na época actual - Análise estrutural de antigos navios em madeira na Ásia e na Europa)

Asia-Europe Workshop
Portugal 2008

8 a 12 de Abril

Tema: Tradições de construção naval em madeira na Ásia e na Europa: diferenças estruturais nas soluções construtivas dos barcos e respectivas consequências na interpretação dos dados históricos, arqueológicos e etnográficos

Apoio financeiro: Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) e European Alliance for Asian Studies

Instituições envolvidas na Organização
DANS (Divisão de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática) do IGESPAR / Ministério da Cultura

Wuhan University-Transportation School (Naval Engineering Department), Wuhan, Rep. P. da China

Câmara Municipal de Peniche

Câmara Municipal de Beja

Fundação Oriente

Instituto Superior Técnico-Secção Autónoma de Engenharia Naval

EGEAC

Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico (ESTIG), Beja

U6pia, Montfort-le-Gesnois (França)

INATEL, Leiria, Beja

Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa/Centro de Estudos do Mar

Investigadores de nove países da ASEM[1] foram convidados para participar no Workshop de acordo com as normas definidas pela ASEF e pela European Alliance for Asian Studies

[1] Países da ASEM: Austria, Bélgica, Brunei, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodja, China, Chipre, República Checa, Dinamarca, Estónia, Finlândia, França, Alemanha, Grécia, Hungria, Indónesia, Irlanda, Itália, Japão, Coreia, Laos, Letónia, Lituânia, Luxemburgo, Malásia, Malta, Holanda, Filipinas, Polónia, Portugal, Singapura, Eslóvaquia, Eslovénia, Espanha, Suécia, Tailândia, Reino Unido, Vietname.

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Resumo da Problemática

Um recente congresso realizado em Nanjing (Julho de 2005) por ocasião do 600º aniversário do navegador da dinastia Ming e almirante Zheng He contribuíu para afinar um debate antigo, mas obviamente transcultural, relacionado com as dimensões máximas «possíveis» dos navios em madeira do passado.

Os anais da dinastia Ming mencionam navios chineses do início do século XV de grandes dimensões (os Bao Chuan -Navios do Tesouro- das expedições de Zheng He no Oceano Índico- 1405-1433) que funcionam como «faíscas heurísticas» para o debate em preparação.

Para além da discussão subjacente à metrologia chinesa antiga e aos aspectos documentais relacionados com o tema, o debate de Nanjing de Julho de 2005 permitiu focar aspectos estruturais dos navios em discussão bem como as diferenças nas antigas soluções construtivas de navios em madeira na Ásia e na Europa.

A abordagem, totalmente interdisciplinar, necessária a uma análise mais aprofundada do assunto tem recebido pouca atenção por parte dos historiadores e arqueólogos, por razões que têm a ver com as especificidades académicas das disciplinas relacionadas com o tema e com uma tradicional timidez quando confrontadas com as «ciências exactas».

No entanto, várias investigações pioneiras, empreendidas por engenheiros e arqueólogos navais têm começado a preencher o fosso tanto na Ásia como na Europa. O presente Workshop propõe, pela primeira vez, reunir os temas dispersos nos diversos circuitos académicos e fundi-los numa plataforma verdadeiramente multicultural e interdisciplinar.

O núcleo temático de um tema essencial por discutir pode ser colocado em termos simples:

Qual é o tamanho máximo de um autêntico navio de madeira do passado (construído sem componentes estruturais ou reforços metálicos)?

A investigação actual sugere que as respostas possam ter variado de maneira significativa consoante o contexto cultural e material na Ásia e no mundo ocidental.

Os conceitos subjacentes a tais questões abrangem a totalidade do universo da antiga construção naval em madeira, independentemente dos tipos e proporções, e põe em destaque as soluções estruturais encontradas pelos construtores do passado em diferentes ambientes culturais para responder aos esforços físicos aos quais eram submetidos os navios em navegação, a começar por conceitos clássicos da engenharia naval como os de «hogging» (navio na crista de uma onda) ou «sagging» (navio na «cova» de duas ondas sucessivas ) investigados e implementados de maneira regular desde o século XIX.

Lado a lado com os dados compilados a partir das ciências sociais por arqueólogos e etnógrafos navais confrontados com o desaparecimento rápido das culturas materiais tanto na Ásia como na Europa, as ferramentas numéricas de hoje (por exemplo, a análise por elementos finitos aplicada ao exame de estruturas complexas) convida a explorar o tema com maior profundidade e a esboçar as grandes linhas – e as limitações- de um modelo, definindo a ordem de grandeza dos parâmetros estruturais no seio de culturas distintas do passado náutico.

Uma atenção especial é dada à aplicação de conceitos relacionados com análise estrutural como os de momento flector (bending moment) ou forças de cisalhamento (shearing stresses) directamente aplicáveis a alguns contextos históricos e inseríveis numa descrição interdisciplinar, bem como numa análise dos componentes estruturais do navio de madeira do passado.

A abordagem interdisciplinar subjacente a este projecto de Workshop não se restringe a académicos e engenheiros navais. A natureza do debate convida a incluir construtores navais contemporâneos com experiência em barcos de madeira com as respectivas abordagens individuais em torno da resistência estrutural dos navios de madeira e as «anomalias» observadas. O debate é extensivo a marinheiros oriundos de horizontes culturais igualmente contrastados (Ásia/Europa) com experiência pessoal em matéria do comportamento estrutural de grandes navios de madeira em plena navegação.

Para além do debate relacionado com as inferências possíveis em torno da dimensão física das empresas marítimas da China da era Ming, diversos casos, tanto na Ásia como na Europa, são considerados, como experiências de terreno para os conceitos estruturais subjacentes à discussão proposta no Workshop:

-a estrutura transversal e longitudinal observada em navios chineses do fim do período medieval escavados no porto de Penglai (província de Shandong, China) e em Shinan (Coreia)

-as análises por elementos finitos levadas a cabo por engenheiros navais (Coreia, Dinamarca) àcerca da análise estrutural de navios medievais.

-os componentes estruturais de navios asiáticos em madeira dos séculos XIX e XX descritos nas fontes da etnografia naval contemporânea (China: províncias de Fujian e Zhejiang. Coreia)

-as «estranhas » escarvas observadas nos segmentos de quilha de um navio renascentista encontrado nos aterros fluviais do Cais do Sodré, em Lisboa

-a «estranha » relação entre a secção da quilha e da sobrequilha observada nos vestígios do Compostellano II, lugre espanhol construído na Galiza no inicio do século XX e naufragado com água aberta, em Peniche, em 1946.

Os conceitos analíticos em discussão no Workshop actualmente em preparação destinam-se a sere debatidos no caso de outras estruturas de navio em madeira investigadas em Portugal (baía de Angra do Heroísmo, Açores , rio Arade, Algarve, Peniche) assim como noutros lugares (Europa e Ásia).

A metrologia tardo-medieval chinesa ou a nomenclatura dos componentes de madeira dos últimos navios à vela da China contemporânea figuram entre os temas que serão apresentados e debatidos em Abril próximo (2008) em Portugal.

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PROGRAMA

Terça-feira, 8 de Abril, Beja. Sessão de abertura

Sessão de abertura com o patrocínio do Município de Beja, e a participação de representantes do IGESPAR (Ministério da Cultura).

Discursos de abertura pelo Professor Carlos Guedes Soares, Director do Departamento de Engenharia Naval do Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) e pelo Professor Wu Weiguo, Deão da Wuhan University School of Transportation (República Popular da China).

Manhã:

- Francisco Alves (Portugal)[1] e Eric Rieth (France)[2]: Keel assembling and hull caulking system-patterns of Portuguese ancient wooden shipbuilding based on archaeological evidence.

- Ana Vongkh (Macao Autonomous Province, RP China)[3]: The way Chinese shipbuilders used to build their boats and how they made them strong.

Tarde:

- Hang Choi (S. Korea)[4]: The hull form, construction method and structural strength of ancient Korean Ships.

- Eric Rieth (France): Geometry of hull shapes and architectural structure: a different approach to the study of the origins of the «frame-first» shipbuilding in the Mediterranean (Géométrie des formes de carène et structure architecturale: une autre approche de l'étude des origines de la construction "sur membrure première" en Méditerranée).

-Vasco Mantas (Portugal)[5]: Roman Shipbuilding. Models and Influences (Construção naval Romana. Modelos e Influências).

_________________________________________

Quarta-Feira, 9 de Abril, Beja

Manhã:

- Randy Sasaki (Japan)[6]: Considering the Philosophy of shipbuilding in Medieval East Asia : Case Study from the lost Fleet of the Kublai Khan.

-Lotika Varadarajan (India): Sewn Boats of Lakshwadeep/Laccadives Islands (title to be confirmed)

- Bart Boon (Netherlands)[7]: What limits the size of wooden ships?

_________________________________________

Quinta-feira, 10 de Abril, Convento da Arrábida

Manhã:

-Xi Long Fei (R.P. China)[8]: Archaeology of Chinese Ancient Ship and Structure Mechanics Analysis (I).

- Cai Wei (R.P. China)[9]: Archaeology of Ancient Chinese Ship and Structure Mechanics Analysis (II).

-Rex Warner (United Kingdom): 15th-Century Chinese shipbuilding and navigation to the Indian Ocean : A Sailor’s Perspective.

Tarde:

- Sally Church (United Kingdom)[10]: Two 16th-century Shipbuilding Manuals and the Light they Shed on the Structure and Materials of Ming Dynasty Chinese Ships.

- Kioko Koiso (Japan)[11]: Ships under pain: the structural behaviour of ships from the Portuguese Carreira da India as testified in shipwreck narratives.

- Catarina Garcia (Portugal)[12]: To build and «unbuild» Angra C and Angra D.

_________________________________________

Sexta-feira, 11 de Abril, Convento da Arrábida.

Manhã: Visita ao estaleiro tradicional de Sarilhos Pequenos (Moita), organizada pelo Eng.º Celso Santos (Rotas do Sal) promotor da defesa do património cultural maritímo da região do Vale do Sado[13].

Almoço e tarde em Peniche. Recepção pelo Município de Peniche.

Visitas (organização: Câmara Municipal de Peniche):

Visita a Peniche e ao Porto de Pesca local, onde se conserva um grande fragmento da sobrequilha de uma embarcação espanhola de três mastros do início do séc. XX .

-Museu Municipal de Peniche

-Entrevista com um antigo carpinteiro naval sobre a construção tradicional de embarcações em madeira.

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Sábado, 12 de Abril, Peniche (Auditório Municipal)

Manhã:

- Alessia Amato (Italia)[14]: Shipbuilding in wood in ancient Mediterranean. Archaeological analisis of the evolution of the main structural elements, comparative analysis of assemblage typologies from the Archaic to late-classical period (Construção naval lignea no Mediterraneo. Análise arqueológica dos principais elementos estruturais, confronto das tipologias de assemblagem, entre a época arcaica e a tardo-antiga).

- Eusebio Dizon (Philippines)[15]: A Presentation of Ancient Shipwrecks observed by underwater Archaeological works in the Philippines.

- Tiago Fraga (Portugal)[16]: Cargo and Warriors: Late Seventeenth Century Iberian Construction: Santo António de Tanna.

Tarde:

- Fang Lan (R.P. China)[17] and Li Bang Yan (R.P. China): The last wooden sailing fishing boats of lake Tai, China (2d half of XXth century).

- Vanessa Loureiro (Portugal)[18]: Structural elements from Arade 1 (second half XVth century / 1rst half XVIth century ship remains).

-Yong-han Kim (Korea)[19]: Medieval ship remains investigated in Korea (provisional title)

- Jean-Yves Blot (France)[20]: Two case studies of structural analysis applied to 18th and 20th century Spanish shipwreck remains found in Peniche waters.

Sessão de encerramento promovida pelo Município de Peniche.

For lecturers:
Sunday April 13th, Peniche: transport from Peniche to Lisbon, including Lisbon International Airport.

Participants who are not able to attend the full five-day Workshop programme must inform the Coordinator as soon as possible in order that the necessary adjustments may be made and their special needs catered for.

Participants are reminded that a 1-3 page abstract (no restriction on the maximum length) must be sent to the Coordinator by 15th February 2008. This will be included in the Pre-proceedings to be distributed during the Workshop itself.

Workshop participants are invited to indicate in advance the required hardware support for their presentation (video- PowerPoint- projector / transparencies projector / 35 mm slides projector).

All documents (text and image files) by Workshop participants for the Pre-Proceedings are to be addressed in doc (text) and jgp (images) formats to:

Jean-Yves Blot, Workshop Coordinator
c/o DANS/IGESPAR - Avenida da Índia, 136 - 1300-300 LISBON, PORTUGAL.
E-mail adress: jyb.cnans@ipa.min-cultura.pt

______________________

[1] DANS/IGESPAR director, professor at Universidade Nova, Lisbon.
[2] CNRS, professor at Paris I University.
[3] Maritime Museum, Macau.
[4] Professor, Seoul National University.
[5] Professor, Coimbra University.
[6] Post graduate, Texas A&M University.
[7] Naval Architect, Research and Consultancy. Teaches ship structure at the University of Duisburg/Essen, Germany
[8] Wuhan University, retired.
[9] Wuhan University.
[10] Cambridge University.
[11] Post graduate. Lisbon University (Faculdade de Letras ).
[12] Archaeological department, Azores islands provincial government.
[13] LAITAU (Associação para a Preservação e Dinamização do Património Naval do Rio Sado), a non-profit association. Its founder and president, Celso Santos, a forest engineer, has been the promoter of many projects including the reconstruction of traditional boats (galeão do sal Zé Mario), the building of full-size replicas (Hiate de Setubal), salvaging traditional boats sunk in the Sado River (galeão do sal Amendoeira) or promoting studies aiming at the restoration or building of other historical boats replicas.
[14] Postgraduate, Coimbra University
[15] National Museum of the Philippines, Manila
[16] Postgraduate, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa.
[17] Post graduate, Suzhou University
[18] Post graduate, Paris I University, France.
[19] Director, National Maritime Museum, Mokpo, Korea
[20] Post graduate, Paris I University, France.

2008-02-16T22:45:00.001Z

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Inscrições

Descarregue as fichas de inscrição para as sessões de Beja e Peniche (PDF) e para a Arrábida (PDF) e envie-as para:

Centro Cultural de Beja

Asia Europe Workshop

Praça da República, 45/46

7800-427 Beja

Portugal

ou por email para:

centroculturaldebeja@sapo.pt

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O Workshop em Portugal

A organização do Workshop, além da discussão da temática a que se propõe, pretende também que os participantes estrangeiros possam conhecer alguns dos aspectos culturais do nosso país.

Em parte, este objectivo pretende cumprir a vocação transcultural das "Asia-Europe Workshop Series" conforme definido pelo International Institute of Asian Studies (IIAS, Leiden), principal patrocinador do evento através da Asia Europe Foundation e da European Alliance for Asian Studies.

Os participantes do Workshop serão recebidos pelas seguintes entidades:

- Município de Beja (Alentejo)

- Fundação Oriente, no Convento da Arrábida, a sul de Lisboa

- Município de Peniche, uma antiga comunidade piscatória e marítima a norte de Lisboa.

Os critérios assim adoptados para a organização deste Workshop Ásia-Europa incluíam um número mínimo de 8 (oito) países membros da A.S.E.M., com um equilíbrio entre comunicantes masculinos e femininos, bem como entre os anos de experiência dos investigadores.

O Inglês será a língua principal utilizada durante o Workshop, com algumas comunicações em Português e Chinês. A presença de um intérprete (Português/Inglês) encontra-se em estudo. Uma comunicação em língua chinesa (Pr Xi Long Fei, Universidade de Wuhan) será traduzida para Inglês por um dos participantes.

As sessões serão abertas ao público (máximo: 60 pessoas) mediante inscrição prévia (50 Euros por pessoa para o conjunto das sessões).

A pré-inscrição, assim como qualquer pedido de informação, será feita enviando o pedido para o seguinte email:

asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008@gmail.com

A sessão a realizar no Convento da Arrábida em 10 de Abril tem um custo adicional de 25€ que terá de ser directamente pago à Fundação Oriente (contacto: dinternacional@foriente.pt).

Visita ao estaleiro de Sarilhos Pequenos e Peniche em 11 de Abril: os participantes inscritos terão de providenciar transporte próprio.

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Beja

Beja, uma cidade histórica, numa planície circunscrita por antigas rotas terrestres e fluviais. A cidade fica situada praticamente a meio caminho entre Lisboa e Sevilha, os dois maiores portos históricos do SW peninsular, e entre dois dos seus maiores rios, o Tejo e o Guadalquivir.

Próximo de Beja, o rio Guadiana traça a secular fronteira entre Portugal e Espanha e esconde o antigo porto fluvial de Mértola, bastante activo na antiguidade e durante a Idade Média. Algumas embarcações em madeira podiam ainda ser avistadas em Mértola em meados do séc. XX. (Foto crédito: Reproduzido e adaptado a partir de Leonel Borrela: Mértola I - Pequenas Histórias Diário do Alentejo (Beja), 9 de Junho de 2006.)

Vista aérea.

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Arrábida

Quarta-feira de tarde, 9 de Abril: partida de Beja para a Arrábida, ao longo da Península de Tróia e atravessando o Sado por barco. Organização: Câmara Municipal de Beja.

Na montanha e virado para o mar, fundado no séc. XV, o Convento da Arrábida situa-se na vertente sul da cadeia montanhosa da Arrábida. Abrigado entre o arvoredo e mirando o Oceano Atlântico, sobranceiro à foz do Rio Sado, o convento, recentemente restaurado pela Fundação Oriente, recebe eventos culturais e científicos num cenário pacífico e majestoso, próximo da cidade e do porto de Setúbal.

Do ponto de vista histórico e da história da náutica, o rio Sado ficou marcado pela presença dos marinheiros fenícios que subiram o seu curso até Abul e Alcácer do Sal, no início da II Idade do Ferro, trazendo bens e tecnologia do Mediterrâneo para o Atlântico. Algumas das técnicas de construção naval dessa cultura continuam até hoje a ser utilizadas em diversos pontos da Ásia (Kumar , Varadarajan, 2000).

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Sarilhos Pequenos

Sexta-feira 11 de Abril, visita ao estaleiro tradicional de Sarilhos Pequenos

Estaleiro tradicional de Sarilhos Pequenos :
Latitude N 38º 40’ 56.80’
Longitude W 008º 58’ 42.11’

Um dos últimos estaleiros tradicionais que ainda constrói embarcações em madeira. Visita organizada pelo Eng.º Celso Santos (Rotas do Sal).

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Peniche

Visita a Peniche e ao Porto de Pesca local, onde se conserva um grande fragmento da sobrequilha de uma embarcação espanhola de três mastros do início do séc. XX . Este fragmento demonstra bem uma das muitas soluções estruturais dos antigos construtores navais em busca da rigidez longitudinal. (A Península de Peniche vista a partir de Oeste. Crédito fotográfico : Câmara Municipal de Peniche).

Carpinteiros navais debitando um grande e massiço tronco em tábuas estreitas. Peniche, década de 70. (Crédito Fotográfico: Museu Municipal de Peniche).

1 : Estaleiro tradicional (barcos de pesca em madeira) (desactivado no início desta década).

2: Estaleiro tradicional (barcos de pesca em madeira) (desactivado na década de 90).

3: Estaleiro actual (embarcações em aço).

4: Museu (Fortaleza do séc. XVII; Prisão política de meados do séc XX) (Lat. 39º 21’ 12,13” N. / 009º 22’ 52.39 W.)

5: Fragmento de grandes dimensões do navio mercante de 3 mastros, Compostellano II, construído em 1918 e naufragado em 1946.

6: Cabo Carvoeiro.

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Referências Bibliográficas

2008-02-16T22:10:00.001Z

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Equipa

Texto e legendas: Jean-Yves Blot

Assessoria editorial: Marja Ménanteau, Nantes; Tiago Fraga, Faro; Francisco Alves, DANS-IGESPAR

Desenhos: Maria Luisa Pinheiro Blot, DANS-IGESPAR

Documentação: Celso Santos, Rui Venâncio (Museu Municipal de Peniche), Maria João Sousa, EGEAC

Design gráfico: Departamento de Inventário, Estudos e Divulgação, IGESPAR, (Ministério da Cultura)

Inscrições e Web design: (http://www.asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008.blogspot.com/) Pedro Caleja

Imagens Aéreas: Google Earth e Câmara Municipal de Peniche

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2008-02-16T21:59:00.013Z

Page d'entrée (présentée par U6pia)

Introduction au débat

Programme

Le "Workshop" au Portugal / Beja / Arrábida / Sarilhos Pequenos / Peniche

Bibliographie

Inscriptions

Equipe

Du gigantisme naval de la Chine de l’ère Ming
à la physique universelle en mer - Analyse structurale des navires de bois du passé en Asie et en Europe

Atelier (Workshop) Asie-Europe
Portugal
8-12 Avril 2008

Thème: La construction navale traditionnelle en bois en Asie et en Europe. Différences dans les solutions structurales des constructeurs navals et conséquences pour l’interprétation des données historiques, archéologiques et ethnographiques

Projet financé par la Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) et la European Alliance for Asian Studies.

Institutions impliquées dans la candidature originale et/ou l’organisation:

DANS (Division d’Archéologie Nautique et Subaquatique) de IGESPAR (Institut Portugais du Patrimoine) / Ministère de la Culture, Lisbonne

Université de Wuhan -Transportation School (Département d’Ingénierie Navale), Rep. Pop. de Chine

Câmara Municipal de Peniche (Mairie de Peniche)

Câmara Municipal de Beja (Mairie de Beja)

Fondation Oriente, Lisbonne

Instituto Superior Técnico-Secção Autónoma de Engenharia Naval (département d’ingénierie navale), Lisbonne

EGEAC / Mairie de Lisbonne

Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico (ESTIG), Beja

U6pia, Montfort-le-Gesnois (France)

INATEL, Leiria, Beja

Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa/Centro de Estudos do Mar

Des chercheurs de neuf pays (ASEM)[1] ont été invités à participer au Workshop selon les normes définies par l’ASEF et la European Alliance for Asian Studies[2].

[1] Pays members de l’ASEM: Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Brunei, Birmanie/Myanmar, Cambodge, Chine, Chypre, Corée, Danemark, Espagne, Estonie, Finlande, France, Grèce, Hollande, Hongrie, Indonésie, Irlande, Italie, Japon, Laos, Látvia, Lituanie, Luxembourg, Malaisie, Malte, Philippines, Pologne, Portugal, République Tchèque, Royaume-Uni, Singapour, Slovaquie, Slovénie, Suède, Thaïlande, Vietnam.

[2] La préparation de cet atelier (Workshop) Asie-Europe est assurée avec l’appui financier de la Foundation Asia-Europe (ASEF) et de la European Alliance for Asian Studies. Les opinions exprimées dans ce document ci-contre sont celles du Bénéficiaire et ne peuvent donc en aucune façon être considérées comme le reflet de l’opinion officielle de l’ASEF et de la European Alliance.

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www.asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008.blogspot.com

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Introduction au débat

Analyse structurale des navires en bois: un autre regard sur d’anciennes réalités matérielles

Le lecteur trouvera tout à la fin de ce document une liste des références bibliographiques évoquées dans le texte principal.

Un récent congrès tenu à Nankin (Juillet 2005) à l’occasion du 600e anniversaire de Zheng He , amiral et eunuque musulman de la dynastie Ming a donné le ton d’un vieux [1] débat, clairement transculturel, concernant la taille maximale «possible» des navires de bois du passé [2].

Les Annales de la dynastie Ming font mention de navires chinois du début du XVe siècle de très grande taille. Ces Bao Chuan ou Navires du Trésor des expéditions de l’amiral Zheng He’s (1405/1433) tiennent le rôle d’«étincelles» heuristiques dans le débat en préparation.

Au-delà de la discussion sous-jacente concernant l’ancienne métrologie chinoise [3] et les aspects documentaires qui s’y rattachent [4], le débat de Nankin de Juillet 2005 a contribué à mettre l’accent sur les principaux caractères structuraux tout autant que sur les différences concernant les traditions de construction navale en bois du passé en Asie [5] et en Europe.

Bien au-delà de l’hydrostatique des coques de bois du passé [6], l’approche entièrement interdisciplinaire nécessaire à l’analyse structurale des anciens navires en bois a reçu jusqu’à présent très peu d’échos parmi les historiens et les archéologues en raison des spécificités académiques des disciplines en cause ainsi que du fait de la timidité traditionnelle des sciences humaines quand elles se trouvent confrontées avec les outils analytiques des sciences «exactes».

Cependant, plusieurs recherches pionnières qui sont le fait d’ingénieurs navals [7] et d’archéologues navals [8] ont déjà entamé la construction du pont analytique permettant d’enjamber le fossé existant. Ces travaux pionniers sont nés en Europe comme en Asie. Ce Workshop Asie-Europe organisé avec l’appui de l’ASEF et de la European Alliance for Asian Studies propose, pour la première fois, de ue rassembler des thèmes épars et de les fondre dans une authentique plate-forme transdisciplinaire et multi-culturelle.

Le noyau d’une importante question à débattre au Portugal en Avril prochain peut se résumer aux mots suivants:

-Quelle peut avoir été la taille maximale de navires du passé construits entièrement en bois (dépourvus de renforts métalliques structuraux )?

La recherche actuelle montre que les réponses à cette question varient de manière significative d’un contexte culturel et matériel à l’autre, en Asie et en Europe [9].

Les concepts sous-jacents dérivés de telles questions s’étendent à toute la sphère de l’ ancienne construction navale en bois, tous navires et toutes tailles confondues, et permettent de souligner les solutions structurales trouvées par les constructeurs navals du passé dans des contextes culturels différents pour répondre aux contraintes physiques auxquels sont soumis les navires au cours de leur navigation. Des concepts classiques de l’ingénierie navale comme ceux de «hogging» (contraintes du navire chevauchant une vague) et de «sagging» (contraintes du navire enfoncé dans le creux entre deux vagues) mis en place de façon routinière depuis le XIXe siècle surgissent comme des outils «tout faits» pour une approche initiale.

En parallèle avec les données des sciences humaines compilées par les archéologues et les ethnographes navals [10] confrontés avec les cultures matérielles en disparition rapide tant en Asie qu’en Europe, les outils de calculs actuels (dont, parmi d’autres, l’analyse par éléments finis appliquée aux structures complexes) convient le chercheur à explorer le sujet plus en amont et à définir les grandes lignes –ainsi que les limites- d’un modèle analytique définissant l’ordre de grandeur des paramètres structuraux au sein de cultures distinctes du passé nautique.

Une attention particulière est donnée à l’application des concepts relevant de l’analyse structurale tels que le «moment fléchissant» ou les «efforts tranchants» qui traduisent sur le plan structural le comportement intrinsèque d’une carène face à la distribution des poids à bord et aux différences des volumes de la carène et de l’eau autour d’un navire en marche, en particulier dans la houle.

L’approche interdisciplinaire qui sous-tend ce prochain Workshop ne se limite pas aux chercheurs académiques et aux ingénieurs navals. La nature du débat encourage l’éclosion de commentaires de la part de constructeurs navals contemporains spécialistes du bois et leur approche personnelle à la discussion de la résistance structurale des embarcations en bois et aux «anomalies» observées dans le comportement des coques et structures. Le débat s’étend aux marins provenant d’horizons également contrastés (Asia/Europe) ayant une expérience personnelle du comportement structural d’embarcations de bois par mer formée.

Au-delà du débat concernant la dimension physique des entreprises maritimes chinoises de la dynastie Ming, quelques cas tant en Asie qu’en Europe sont considérés comme des tests de terrain pour les concepts structuraux sous-jacents à la discussion proposée à ce Workshop:

-La structure transversale et longitudinale observée sur les embarcations médiévales chinoises fouillées à Penglai (province d Shandong, Chine) [11] et à Shinan (Corée) [12]

-L’analyse par éléments finis (calcul matriciel appliqué en partie ou en totalité aux coques de navires) mise en œuvre par des ingénieurs navals [13],[14] concernant l’analyse structurale du navire tardo-médiéval de Shinan et les embarcations médiévales scandinaves à voile.

-Les composants structuraux des navires de bois asiatiques du XIXe et XXe siècles tels qu’ils sont décrits dans les sources ethnographiques navales modernes (Chine: provinces de Fujian et Zhejiang. Corée)

- L’«anomalie» (et ses parallèles, ailleurs) des écarts observés aux extrémités des segments de la quille du navire de la Renaissance découvert à Cais do Sodré lors des travaux urbains du Métro de Lisbonne sur l’ancienne ligne de rivage fluvial du Tage [15].

- La relation «anomale» entre la section de la quille et de grande carlingue du Compostellana II, voilier espagnol de commerce construit en Galice, dans le nord-ouest de l’Espagne, au début du XXe siècle, qui coula dans le port de Peniche (Portugal) en 1946.

Les concepts analytiques discutés au sein du tableau normatif du Workshop en préparation seront appliqués à quelques autres structures de navires de bois étudiées et/ou gèrées sur le plan patrimonial au Portugal, en Europe et en Asie.
Comme il a été mentionné plus haut, la métrologie tardo-médiévale chinoise ou la nomenclature contemporaine de composants des derniers voiliers de bois survivant en Chine font partie des sujets qui seront présentés et débattus en Avril prochain (2008) au Portugal.

La discussion en préparation va au-delà des sphères culturelles et géographiques et conduit à sonder les zones nautiques périphériques: l’intérêt spécifique des îles Philippines comme ancien univers nautique transculturel de même que le large éventail de solutions nautiques mises en place dans le passé au sein de cet archipel depuis la préhistoire illustrent le vaste spectre chronologique de la discussion en jeu. Les solutions structurales mises en place dans les bateaux médiévaux de Butuan (île de Mindanao) trouvent un écho direct dans les solutions parallèles de construction navale scandinave du début de l’ère médiévale tandis que d’autres vestiges archéologiques de l’archipel philippin illustrent là encore le large éventail d’anciennes traditions constructives émanant d’univers culturels, nautiques et géographiques très diversifiés.

Le débat prochain qui aura lieu au Portugal en Avril concernant les solutions constructives des anciens constructeurs navals d’Asie et d’Europe a donc comme objectif de relier le cœur de la «mécanique» de solutions radicalement différentes mises en place en Asie et en Europe dans le passé.

Les normes adoptées pour ce Workshop concernant des participants des pays membres de l’ASEM ont écarté du débat des protagonistes potentiels de premier plan dont les noms seront par la suite nécessaires pour une discussion qui est «globale» par nature quoique rarement accessible comme telle dans la littérature scientifique, à de rares exceptions près [16].

La recherche archéologique actuelle en Asie du Sud-Est conduit à des questions concernant les interactions passées éventuelles entre des univers nautiques très éloignés les uns des autres. Des techniques de travail du bois aussi spécifiques que les assemblages à base de tenon et mortaise à blocage (locked mortise-and-tenon) en Europe à l’époque classique trouvent quelques échos surprenants au Vietnam au début du premier siècle avant notre ère [17] tandis que le rôle de tels assemblages face aux contraintes elles aussi spécifiques appliquées aux virures des coques en bois commence à émerger dans l’analyse structurale proposée par les ingénieurs navals pour les navires du passé [18].

Alors que les liens directs entre la Chine des débuts de la dynastie Han et l’hémisphère romain demeurent encore un terrain de recherché nébuleux pour la plupart d’entre nous, le sinologue autodidacte John Hill, depuis la lointaine province du Queensland, en Australie, nous rappelle, dans une généreuse publication mise à la disposition de tous sur Internet, que la Chine du IIIe siècle de notre ère avait un accès routinier à des sources géographiques écrites [19] fournissant des détails sur la Méditerranée et l’hémisphère culturel et commercial de Rome.

Le gradient de l’interface maritime reliant l’océan Indien à l’Extrême-Orient à l’époque médiévale, interface dorénavant attesté aussi bien par les sources historiques qu’archéologiques, met l’accent sur les pans de la réalité ethnographique encore en place [20]. Cette réalité ethnographique d’aujourd’hui reflète les options de construction navale, et donc les options structurales, des constructeurs navals du passé.

Notre principal obstacle dans de telles constellations heuristiques est évidemment la grande dispersion de langues, disciplines, preuves matérielles et documentation à laquelle notre cible de recherche nous demande de faire face.

Ce Workshop Asia-Europe apportera, nous l’espérons, une contribution à de tels défis de la recherche.

Jean-Yves Blot, Asia-Europe Workshop Coordinator

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[1] Chen Xiyu, 1991. Li Bangyan, 1991. Sleeswyk, 1998. Xi Longfei , Chalmers, 2004.

[2] Gong Changqi , 2005.
[3] Church, 2005. Idem
[4] Xi Longfei, 2005. Idem
[5] Nomoto, 1991. Idem
[6] Blot et alii, 1995, Blot 1998. Castro, 2003
[7] Xi Longfei, 1979, 1989. Lee Chang-Euk, 1991. Jensen, 1999. Fenger et alii, 2003. Choi, 2005. Idem
[8] Hansen, 1985. Kim, 1986. Idem
[9] Blot, 2006. Idem
[10] Rieth, 1993, 2000; Varadarajan, 1998 ; Kumar et alii, 2000. Idem
[11] Xi Longfei et alii, 1979, 1989, 1991. Wang Min et alii, 2006. Dun He et alii, 2006. Cf. References
[12] Kim, 1986; Choi, 2005. Idem
[13] Choi, 2005. Idem
[14] Jensen, 1999. The methodology extends to museology. Cf. Czujko et alii, 2002. Idem
[15] Rodrigues et alii, 2001. Idem
[16] McGrail, 2001. Idem
[17] Bellwood et alii, 2006. Idem
[18] Boon, 2006, 2007. Idem
[19] Hill, 2004. Idem
[20] Manguin, 2000. Idem

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PROGRAMME

Titres des communication (30’ de présentation / 20’ de débat pour chaque communication)
et programme général:

Mardi Avril 8, Beja. Session d’ouverture

Session d’ouverture sous les auspices de la Mairie de Beja avec la participation de représentants de l’IGESPAR (Institut Portugais du Patrimoine /Ministère de la Culture).

Allocution d’ouverture du Professeur Carlos Guedes Soares, directeur du département d’Ingénierie Navale de l’Instituto Superior Técnico (IST, Lisbonne) et du professeur Xi Long Fei, ingénieur et archéologue naval fondateur de la School of Transportation, Université de Wuhan, République Populaire de China.

Communications de la Matinée:

- Francisco Alves (Portugal)[1] et Eric Rieth (France)[2]: Keel assembling and hull caulking system-patterns of Portuguese ancient wooden shipbuilding based on archaeological evidence.

- Ana Vongkh (Macao Autonomous Province, RP China)[3]: The way Chinese shipbuilders used to build their boats and how they made them strong.

Communications de l’Après-midi

- Hang Choi (S. Korea)[4]: The hull form, construction method and structural strength of ancient Korean Ships.

- Eric Rieth (France): Geometry of hull shapes and architectural structure: a different approach to the study of the origins of the «frame-first» shipbuilding in the Mediterranean (Géométrie des formes de carène et structure architecturale: une autre approche de l'étude des origines de la construction "sur membrure première" en Méditerranée).

-Vasco Mantas (Portugal)[5]: Roman Shipbuilding. Models and Influences (Construção naval Romana. Modelos e Influências).

_________________________________________

Mercredi 9 Avril, Beja

Communications de la Matinée:

- Randy Sasaki (Japan)[6]: Considering the Philosophy of shipbuilding in Medieval East Asia : Case Study from the lost Fleet of the Kublai Khan.

-Lotika Varadarajan (India): Sewn Boats of Lakshwadeep/Laccadives Islands (title to be confirmed)

- Bart Boon (Netherlands)[7]: What limits the size of wooden ships?

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Jeudi 10 Avril, Monastère de Arrábida

Présentation de la journée par un responsable de la Fondation Oriente

Communications de la Matinée:

-Xi Longfei (R.P. China)[8]: Archaeology of Chinese Ancient Ship and Structure Mechanics Analysis (I).

- Cai Wei (R.P. China)[9]: Archaeology of Ancient Chinese Ship and Structure Mechanics Analysis (II).

-Rex Warner (United Kingdom): 15th-Century Chinese shipbuilding and navigation to the Indian Ocean : A Sailor’s Perspective.

Communications de l’Après-midi:

- Sally Church (United Kingdom)[10]: Two 16th-century Shipbuilding Manuals and the Light they Shed on the Structure and Materials of Ming Dynasty Chinese Ships.

- Kioko Koiso (Japan)[11]: Ships under pain: the structural behaviour of ships from the Portuguese Carreira da India as testified in shipwreck narratives.

- Catarina Garcia (Portugal)[12]: To build and «unbuild» Angra C and Angra D.

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Vendredi 11 April, Arrábida

Matin: transport vers le chantier naval traditionnel de Sarilhos Pequenos (bas cours du fleuve Tage), un des derniers construisant des embarcations en bois. La visite est organisée par l’ingénieur Celso Santos, promoteur du patrimoine naval de la région[13]. Transport : Municipalité de Peniche.

Déjeuner et après-midi à Peniche. Réception par la Municipalité de Peniche.

Visites (organisation: Municipalité de Peniche - Câmara Municipal de Peniche):
-Visite du périmètre maritime de la péninsule Peniche ceinturée par l’océan Atlantique. La visite inclut le port de pêche de Peniche où repose un grand fragment de carlingue en bois massif provenant de dragages du port et des vestiges d’un voilier marchand à trois mâts construits en Espagne au début du XXe siècle. La gigantesque pièce de bois massif illustre une des nombreuses solutions structurales des constructeurs navals du passé à la recherche de la raideur longitudinale des navires

-Musée Municipal de Peniche: Modèles (demi-coques) en bois provenant des chantiers navals de Peniche de la première moitié du XXe siècle.

-Commentaires d’un constructeur naval traditionnel, José Maria Cativo, concernant la morphologie et structure des anciennes constructions navales en bois à Peniche

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Samedi 12 Avril, Peniche

Communications de la Matinée:

- Alessia Amato (Italia)[14]: Shipbuilding in wood in ancient Mediterranean. Archaeological analisis of the evolution of the main structural elements, comparative analysis of assemblage typologies from the Archaic to late-classical period (Construção naval lignea no Mediterraneo. Análise arqueológica dos principais elementos estruturais, confronto das tipologias de assemblagem, entre a época arcaica e a tardo-antiga).

- Eusebio Dizon (Philippines)[15]: A Presentation of Ancient Shipwrecks observed by underwater Archaeological works in the Philippines.

- Tiago Fraga (Portugal)[16]: Cargo and Warriors: Late Seventeenth Century Iberian Construction: Santo António de Tanna.

Communications de l’Après-midi:

- Fang Lan (R.P. China)[17] and Li Bang Yan (R.P. China): The last wooden sailing fishing boats of lake Tai, China (2d half of XXth century).

- Vanessa Loureiro (Portugal)[18]: Structural elements from Arade 1 (second half XVth century / 1rst half XVIth century ship remains).

-Yong-han Kim (Korea)[19]: Medieval ship remains investigated in Korea (provisional title)

- Jean-Yves Blot (France)[20]: Two case studies of structural analysis applied to 18th and 20th century Spanish shipwreck remains found in Peniche waters.

Fermeture du Workshop Asie-Europe sous les auspices de la Municipalité de Peniche.

Pour les participants
Dimanche 13 Avril, Peniche: transport de Peniche à Lisbonne et à l’aéroport pour les vols.

Les participants invités qui ne peuvent accompagner la totalité des cinq jours du Workshop sont priés d’en informer le Coordinateur dès que possible.

Il est rappelé aux mêmes participants auteurs des communications qu’un résumé de 1-3 pages (sans limite supérieure de taille) doit être adressé dans les meilleurs délais au Coordinateur à temps d’être inclus dans les Pré-Actes (Pre-Proceedings) qui seront distribués lors du Workshop en avril prochain.

Les auteurs des communications sont invités à indiquer à l’avance le type de support technique requis pour leur présentation (video projecteur /projecteur de diapositives/ rétro- projecteur pour documents transparents).

Tous les documents (fichiers texte et images) des auteurs / participants du Workshop destinés aux Pré-Actes (Pre-Proceedings) doivent être adressés en format doc (texte) et jgp (images) à:

Jean-Yves Blot, Coordinateur Workshop Asie-Europe
c/o DANS/IGESPAR - Avenida da Índia, 136 - 1300-300 LISBONNE, PORTUGAL.
Mél:jyb.cnans@ipa.min-cultura.pt

______________________

[1] DANS/IGESPAR director, professor at Universidade Nova, Lisbon.
[2] CNRS, professor at Paris I University.
[3] Maritime Museum, Macau.
[4] Professor, Seoul National University.
[5] Professor, Coimbra University.
[6] Post graduate, Texas A&M University.
[7] Naval Architect, Research and Consultancy. Teaches ship structure at the University of Duisburg/Essen, Germany
[8] Wuhan University, retired.
[9] Wuhan University.
[10] Cambridge University.
[11] Post graduate. Lisbon University (Faculdade de Letras ).
[12] Archaeological department, Azores islands provincial government.
[13] LAITAU (Association pour la Préservation et la Dynamisation du Patrimoine Naval du Sado), est une association sans but lucratif. Son fondateur et président, l’ingénieur forestier Celso Santos, a été le promoteur de nombreux projets dont la reconstruction d’embarcations traditionnelles (galeão do sal Zé Mario), la construction de répliques opérationnels (Hiate de Setubal), le sauvetage d’un bateau traditionnel coulé en rivière (galeão do sal Amendoeira) ou la promotion d’études ayant pour objectif la restauration ou la construction d’autres répliques d’embarcations anciennes.
[14] Postgraduate, Coimbra University
[15] National Museum of the Philippines, Manila
[16] Postgraduate, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa.
[17] Post graduate, Suzhou University
[18] Post graduate, Paris I University, France.
[19] Director, National Maritime Museum, Mokpo, Korea
[20] Post graduate, Paris I University, France.

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Inscriptions

Pour faire la inscription et obtenus détails supplémentaires contacté:

centroculturaldebeja@sapo.pt

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Le "Workshop" au Portugal

Au-delà du thème principal du Workshop Asie-Europe en préparation, l’organisation de cette prochaine réunion transculturelle et interdisciplinaire au Portugal a pour objectif d’introduire les participants étrangers à plusieurs aspects de la spécificité culturelle du pays hôte.

Cet objectif répond à la vocation transculturelle de la série des Asia-Europe Workshops telle qu’elle est définie par l’ International Institute of Asian Studies (IIAS, Leiden) qui fournit le principal soutien pour cet événement par le biais de l’ Asia Europe Foundation et de l’ European Alliance for Asian Studies.

Les participants invités de ce Workshop au Portugal en Avril 2008 seront successivement les hôtes de:

- la Mairie de Beja, dans la province méridionale d’Alentejo

- de la Fondation Oriente (Lisbonne), au monastère de Arrábida, lieu d’évènements culturels face à l’océan et à l’estuaire du fleuve Sado, au sud de Lisbonne

- la Mairie de Peniche, ville maritime connue pour ses activités dans le domaine de la pêche, au nord de Lisbonne.

Les cinq jours de ce Workshop Asie-Europe prennent en compte le fait que une partie importante des participants viendront directement par avion d’Asie orientale pour rejoindre le Portugal en vols transcontinentaux. - Município de Beja (Alentejo)

S’agissant par nature d’une réunion internationale, transculturelle et interdisciplinaire, le Workshop en préparation, réparti sur trois régions radicalement différentes du Portugal, sera non seulement l’occasion de discussions approfondies des principales lignes thématiques en jeu mais servira également de plate-forme à l’introduction des participants étrangers au paysage historique et physique portugais au sein duquel l’influence de la mer se retrouve jusque loin à l’intérieur des terres.

Entouré par l’océan sur ses 800 kms de frontières maritimes, l’étroit territoire portugais a joué pendant des millénaires le rôle de pont reliant des univers nautiques distincts tels que l’Europe du Nord-Ouest, la Méditerranée et les territoires d’Afrique du Nord, ceci depuis la fin de la préhistoire. Les entreprises maritimes portugaises post-médiévales en direction de l’Afrique du Sud et de l’océan Indien ont établi des liens directs avec la totalité de l’hémisphère nautique asiatique, liens qui trouvent aujourd’hui leur place au sein du débat de l’archéologie navale.

Le programme ainsi conçu concerne quatre jours de sessions effectives distribués sur un total de cinq jours. La première session aura lieu le mardi 8 avril 2008 á Beja, et la dernière à Peniche au soir du 12 avril. Les participants seront reconduits le lendemain vers l’aéroport international de Lisbonne et leurs vols respectifs.

Les critères adoptés de la sorte pour l’organisation de cet atelier Asie-Europe incluaient un minimum de 8 (huit) pays membres de l’ A.S.E.M., la parité hommes/femmes ainsi qu’un équilibre entre les niveaux d’expérience des chercheurs.

L’anglais sera la langue principale utilisée lors du Workshop, quelques communications étant présentées en Portugais et en Chinois (mandarin). La présence d’un interprète est en cours d’étude (Portugais/Anglais). Une communication sera présentée en langue chinoise (Pr Xi Longfei, université de Wuhan) et sera traduite en anglais par une des participantes, l’ingénieur Cai Wei, de l’université de Wuhan.

Le Workshop va avoir lieu du 8 au 12 avril 2008 dans la ville de Beja (province d’Alentejo, Portugal méridional), au monastère de Arrábida (estuaire du fleuve Sado, près de Setubal) et à Peniche (ville maritime et port de pêche à une cinquantaine de milles nautiques au nord de Lisbonne)

Toutes les sessions seront ouvertes au public préalablement inscrit (maximum: 60 personnes):

Une pré-inscription pour toutes les sessions ainsi que des détails supplémentaires peuvent être obtenus en contactant:

asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008@gmail.com

Sessions au monastère de Arrábida le 10 Avril (dans la limite des places disponibles, moins de 40 personnes dans ce cas ): paiement (25 Euros) à effectuer directement auprès de la Fondation Oriente, Lisbonne (contact: dinternacional@foriente.pt).

Visites collectives au chantier naval traditionnel de Sarrilhos Pequenos et à Peniche le 11 Avril: le public préalablement inscrit au Workshop est invité à se rendre sur place par ses propres moyens de locomotion.

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Beja

Beja, Située dans une plaine entourée d’anciennes routes terrestres, fluviales et maritimes, la ville de Beja se trouve presque à mi-chemin entre Lisbonne et Séville, deux grands ports historiques du Sud-Ouest de la péninsule ibérique distués sur deux grands fleuves, le Tage et le Guadalquivir.

Le Guadiana, rivière plus petite, dont le cours passe prés de Beja, marque une frontière historique méridionale entre le Portugal et l’Espagne et abrite un port fluvial très ancien, Mértola, actif pendant l’antiquité et á l’époque médiévale. Des voiliers de travail pouvaient encore être observés sur place au milieu du 20e siècle (photo à droite : reproduite et adaptée de Leonel Borrela: Mértola I-Pequenas Histórias. Diário do Alentejo (Beja), June 9th, 2006).

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Arrábida

Mercredi 9 Avril, après-midi: départ de Beja vers Arrábida, le long de la péninsule de Troia ; traversée du Sado en ferry-boat. Organisation: Mairie de Beja.

Une montagne devant la mer: Fondé au XVe siècle, le monastère de Arrábida se niche sur le versant méridional de la petite chaîne montagneuse de Arrábida. Abrité dans la végétation qui fait face à l’océan Atlantique devant l’estuaire du fleuve Sado, le Monastère, récemment restauré par la Fondation Oriente, fournit à des évènements culturels un décor paisible et somptueux à une vingtaine de minutes de la ville et port de Setubal.

D’un point de vue historique et nautique, le bas cours du Sado est marqué par la présence de marins Phéniciens qui s’installèrent en amont de l’estuaire, à, Abul, au début de l’âge du Fer, apportant avec eux des marchandises et techniques de la Méditerranée. L’aspect le plus frappant regardant l’archéologie navale de ces pioniers maritimes arrivés dans l’Ouest méditerranéen est illustré par la découverte effectuée il y a quelques années à Cartagena, en Espagne, des vestiges d’embarcations de bois à bordé cousu, technique disparue depuis très longtemps en péninsule ibérique mais qui s’est maintenue sous diverses formes en quelques rares endroits de l’Asie contemporaine (Varadarajan, 1998).

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Sarilhos Pequenos

Vendredi 11 April, Arrábida. Transport vers le chantier naval traditionnel de Sarilhos Pequenos (bas cours du fleuve Tage).

Sarilhos Pequenos (chantier naval traditionnel):
Latitude N 38º 40’ 56.80’
Longitude W 008º 58’ 42.11’

Un des derniers chantiers construisant des embarcations en bois. La visite est organisée par l’ingénieur Celso Santos (Rotas do Sal).

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Peniche

Visite du périmètre maritime de la péninsule Peniche ceinturée par l’océan Atlantique. La visite inclut le port de pêche de Peniche où repose un grand fragment de carlingue en bois massif provenant de dragages du port et des vestiges d’un voilier marchand à trois mâts construits en Espagne au début du XXe siècle. La gigantesque pièce de bois massif illustre une des nombreuses solutions structurales des constructeurs navals du passé à la recherche de la raideur longitudinale des navires (image: la péninsule de Peniche vue de l’Ouest. Photo : Câmara Municipal de Peniche).

Scieurs de long dans un chantier naval de Peniche des années 1970. Photo: Musée Municipal de Peniche).

1: Local d’un ancien chantier naval traditionnel (bateaux de pêche en bois) (désactivé au début des années 2000).

2: Local d’un ancien chantier naval traditionnel (bateaux de pêche en bois) (désactivé dans les années 1990).

3: Chantiers navals actuels (construction essentiellement en métal).

4: Musée (forteresse du XVIIe siècle; prison politique années 1930-1974) (Lat. 39º 21’ 12,13” N. / 009º 22’ 52.39 W.)

5: Fragment de carlingue géante provenant du trois-mâts Compostellana II construit 1918, naufragé 1946

6: Cap Carvoeiro: haute falaise rocheuse. L’île Berlenga se trouve à 6 milles au large, bien visible à l’Ouest Nord Ouest.

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-Church, Sally (2007): Review of Ming Dynasty Baochuanchang Shipyard in Nanjing (Baochuan chang yizhi: Nanjing Ming Baochuan chang liu zuotang kaogu baogao), by the Nanjing Municipal Museum (Beijing: Wenwu, 2006), in Archipel, 2007, and the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (forthcoming).

-Church, Sally (2007): Embarcações chinesas de meados da dinastia Ming. Ilustrações e descrições no Chouai tubian. Oriente ("Chinese Ships of the Mid-Ming: Illustrations and Descriptions in Chouhai tubian"), Fundaçao Oriente 16, January: 3-28.

-Church, Sally (2006): "Conceptions of Maritime Space in Xu Jing's Xuanhe fengshi Gaoli tujing", in Angela Schottenhammer and Roderich Ptak, The Perception of Maritime Space in Traditional Chinese Sources, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz: 79-107.

-Church, Sally (2005):"Zheng He: An Investigation into the Plausibility of 450-ft Treasure Ships", Monumenta Serica, Vol. LIII: 1-42.

-Church, Sally (2005):"The Colossal Ships of Zheng He", in Zheng He: Images & Perceptions, Bilder & Wahrnehmungen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

-Church, Sally (2005): The Liao as a Measure of Zheng He’s Ships, Proceedings of International Academic Forum in Memory of the 600th Anniversary of Zheng He’s Expedition, Nanjing, China: 505-513.

-Church, Sally (2004):"The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China", Medieval History Journal, Vol. 7, April: 1-36.

-Church, Sally (2002):"Changing Attitudes Toward Foreigners from Overseas: An Investigation into the Policy of the Ming Emperor Yongle, 1403-1424", Nanyang xuebao (Journal of the South Seas Society) 56, December: 45-73.

-Choi, Hang S. (2006): Preliminary Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Nº 3 Penglai Ancient Ship, Proceedings International Symposium of Penglai Ancient Ship, Penglai, China: 53-60.

-Choi, Hang S., Rae H. Yuck (2005): On the Performance of the Sunken Chinese Ship at Shinan, Korea in: Proceedings of International Academic Forum in Memory at the 600th Anniversary of Zheng He’s Expedition. Nanjing, July 2005. Social Sciences Academic Press: 528-536.

-Chen Xiyu (1991): Investigation on the unit «liao» for junks in Song Dynasty. In MAHIR 91 China Conference Paper. Shanghai 1991.Proceedings International Sailing Ships History Conference. Shanghai Society of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering. Marine History Researchers’ Association of CSNAME: 270- 273.

-Chalmers, D.W. (2005): “Dimensions of Cheng Ho’s largest ships”, Mariner’s Mirror, 91: 104-106

-Chalmers, D.W. (2006): “Dimensions of Cheng Ho’s [Zheng He’s] largest ships”, Mariner’s Mirror, 92: 231-233

-Castro, Filipe Vieira de- (2005): The Pepper Wreck. A Portuguese Indiaman at the mouth of the Tagus River. College Station. Texas A&M University. 304p.

-Castro, Filipe Vieira de-(2003): The Pepper Wreck, an early 17th century Portuguese Indiaman at the mouth of the Tagus River, Portugal. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 32.1: 6-23.

-Casal, Fr. Gabriel, Dizon, Eusebio Z, Ronquillo, Wilfredo P., Salcedo, Cecilio G. The Indigenous Filipino Boat. Kasaysayan-The Sotry of the Filipino People. Vol. II The Earliest Filipinos. Hong-Kong. Asia Publishing Company Limited: 93-111

-Boon, Bart, van Rietbergen, Eelco (2006): Aspects of the analysis of structure and strength of pre-historic ships. ISBSA 11. Mainz.

-Boon, Bart, Luttmer, Bernard (2007): Aspects of Longitudinal Strength of Historic Ships. RINA Historic Ships Conference February 2004. 10 pages (conference at the Royal Institution of Naval Architects)

-Blot, Maria Luisa Pinheiro (2003): Os portos na origem dos centros urbanos. Contributo para a arqueologia das cidades marítimas e flúvio-marítimas em Portugal. Trabalhos de Arqueologia. Nº 28. Instituto Português de Arqueologia. 338 p. Abstract: http://www.ipa.min-cultura.pt/pubs/TA/folder/28/12.pdf . (Full text available in pdf on the Internet)

-Blot, Jean-Yves (2006): Naval Engineering Concepts and Cultural Bias in the Analysis of Longitudinal Stiffness When Applied to Ancient Chinese Shipbuilding, Proceedings International Symposium of Penglai Ancient Ship, Penglai, China: 267-286 (text available in pdf).

-Blot, Jean-Yves (2005): The Bamboo Metaphor. Proceedings of International Academic Forum in Memory of the 600th Anniversary of Zheng He’s Expedition, Nanjing, Social Sciences Academic Press: 514-527.

-Blot, Jean-Yves (2002): New Courses in Maritime Archaeology in Portugal, in International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology, Ruppé, Barstad, eds., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York: 465-495.

-Blot, Jean-Yves (1999): O Mar de Keith Muckelroy. O papel da teoria na arqueologia do mundo náutico. Al-madan, IIª série, 8: 41-53.

-Blot, Jean-Yves (1998): From Peru to Europe (1784-1786): Field and Model analysis of a ship overload. Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 22: 21-34.

- Blot, Jean-Yves (1996): O Junco Chinês: arqueologia de um sonho, e O Junco Chinês: do esboço de uma cronologia a cronologia de um esboço. Revista de Cultura, Instituto Cultural, Macau, nº27/28, IIª série, pp. 306-347.

-Blot, Jean-Yves, Ventura, M., Guedes Soares, Carlos, Ruiz, Pedro (1995 ): Aplicação dos Métodos Automáticos ao estudo dos Cascos Antigos, A Engenharia Naval em Portugal, X, C. Guedes Soares ed. Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa: 5.1-5..36.

-Blot, Jean-Yves : O Thermopylae e os clippers compósitos. Museu do Mar, Cascais (forthcoming).

-Blot, Jean-Yves: O Bambu Imperial (text in Portuguese) and The Imperial Bamboo, Norm and Invention in Traditional Chinese Boats) (edition in English). Macao Cultural Institute (Aomen, China) (forthcoming)

-Besnier, François (2004) : «Simulation numérique et conception des structures de grands navires» ( Journées Activités Universitaires en Mécanique/Association Française de Mécanique, 2004), Brest : 1-12 (text available in pdf on the Internet)

-Bellwood, Peter; Cameron, Judith; Nguyen Van Viet; Bui Van Liem (2006): Ancient Boats, Boat Timbers, and Locked Mortise-and-Tenon Joints from Bronze/Iron Age Northern Vietnam. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.

-Bellwood, Peter, Dizon, Eusebio (2005): The Batanes Archaeological Project and the “Out of Taiwan” Hypothesis for Austronesian Dispersal. Journal of Austronesian Studies (Taitung, Taiwan) 1: 1-32 (View full text as pdf at http://arts.anu.edu.au/aanda/people/staff/pdfs/bellwood2005.pdf ).

-Bellwood, P., Stevenson, J. Anderson, A and E. Dizon (2003): Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental research in Batanes and Ilocos Norte provinces, northern Philippines. Bulletin Indo-Pacific Association, 23: 141-161.
-Bellwood, Peter (1997): Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago (2nd edition). Honolulu. University of Hawai Press.

-Barros, Amândio Jorge Morais (2005): “Saber fazer”: a circulação de informação entre comunidades marítimas no início dos Tempos Modernos. Revista da Faculdade de Letras HISTÓRIA, Porto, III Série, vol.6: 21-48.
(text available at http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/3375.pdf)

-Barker, Richard (2005): “Re: Dimensions of Cheng Ho’s largest ships”, Mariner’s Mirror, 91: 605-606

-Audemard, Louis (1994): Juncos Chineses. Museu Marítimo de Macau. Banco Totta e Açores. 562 pages (transl. R- adm. Manuel Leal Vilarinho: translation in Portuguese from the original series of monographs in French entitled Les Jonques Chinoises. Museum voor Land en Volkenkunde en het Maritiem Museum “Prins Hendrik”, Rotterdam. 1957).

-Alves, Francisco; Rieth, Eric; Rodrigues, Paulo; Aleluia, Miguel; Rodrigo, Ricardo; Garcia, Catarina; Riccardi, Edoardo (2001): The hull remains of Ria de Aveiro A, a mid-15th century shipwreck from Portugal; a preliminary analysis. In F. Alves, ed. Proceedings International Symposium on Archaeology of Medieval and Modern Ships of Iberian-Atlantic Tradition. Hull remains, manuscripts and ethnographic sources: a comparative approach. Trabalhos de Arqueologia, 18. Instituto Português de Arqueologia: 317-345. (Full text available in pdf on the Internet).

-Alves, F., Castro, F., Rodrigues, P, Garcia, C., Aleluia, M. (1998): Arqueologia de um naufrágio. In Nossa Senhora dos Mártires. A última viagem. S. Luz Afonso and R.D. Intimo (ed.), Expo 98: 182-215.

-Abinion, O.V. (1989): The recovery of the 12th Century Wooden Boats in the Philippines. The Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 13.2: 1-2 (quoted in Green, Jeremy, 2002).

-Abell, Sir Westcott (1948): The Shipwright’s Trade. Cambridge. At the University Press, 218p.

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2008-02-16T21:10:00.003Z

Retour <-

Equipe

Texte et légendes: Jean-Yves Blot

Conseils éditoriaux: Marja Ménanteau, Nantes; Tiago Fraga, Faro; Francisco Alves, DANS-IGESPAR

Croquis cartographique: Maria Luisa Pinheiro Blot, DANS-IGESPAR

Support documentaire: Celso Santos, Rui Venâncio (Museu Municipal de Peniche), Maria João Sousa, EGEAC

Maquette finale en préparation: Departamento de Inventário, Estudos e Divulgação, IGESPAR, (Ministério da Cultura)

Images aériennes: Google Earth e Câmara Municipal de Peniche

Gestion des inscriptions au Workshop et maquette de blog sur Internet: Pedro Caleja, à l’adresse: http://www.asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008.blogspot.com/

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2008-02-16T21:00:00.005Z

For more information please check the English version.

欧亚研讨会

明年四年在葡萄牙将召开科学会议

海洋工程师和海洋考古学家将就古代欧亚木船进行研讨

讨论重点为古代木船的结构抗性

将特别讨论古代木船可能建造的最大尺寸

我们将公布这次葡萄牙研讨会的成果

本次研讨会将在Beja镇的Arrabida修道院和Peniche镇举行

您可以在以下网址找到英文版的有关这次项目的完整介绍及相关细节

http://www.asiaeuropeworkshopportugal2008.blogspot.com/

http://www.ippar.pt/pls/dippar/ippar_home

http://www.asia-alliance.org/index.php?q=node/132

您可以在以下网址找到英文版的有关这次项目的完整介绍及相关细节

http://www.ippar.pt/pls/dippar/ippar_home

http://www.asia-alliance.org/index.php?q=node/132

____